After a bad experience, you become more cautious.
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After a bad experience, a person becomes much more cautious the next time.
Once bitten, twice shy describes how a painful experience makes someone hesitant and careful going forward.
The lesson was learned the hard way.
"Learn Your Lesson"
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Gaining wisdom from a mistake, without the ongoing fear or caution going forward
"Gun-shy"
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Reluctant and hesitant due to past experience — very similar but less idiomatic
"Once Bitten, Twice Shy"
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Being much more cautious after a painful past experience with something