To challenge someone openly and dare them to respond.
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To issue a bold or direct challenge.
When you throw down the gauntlet, you openly dare someone to compete with you or respond to what you've done.
The phrase comes from the medieval practice of throwing a metal glove on the ground to challenge someone to a duel.
"Call Someone Out"
—
Publicly accuse someone of doing wrong
"Pick a Fight"
—
To start an aggressive argument or conflict, not to issue a formal challenge
"Throw Down the Gauntlet"
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To issue a bold, direct challenge to someone