To be scared or worried about things that aren't real or likely to happen.
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To be so on edge that small things frighten you.
Someone who jumps at shadows reacts with alarm to things that are not a real threat.
Their fear runs ahead of the facts.
"Jumpy"
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Easily scared in the moment — jumping at shadows implies a sustained pattern of fearfulness
"Paranoid"
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Suspecting others of ill intent — jumping at shadows is more about general anxiety than distrust
"Jump at Shadows"
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Being persistently anxious and reacting with alarm to harmless or imagined threats